Penetration Test Services: Professional Security Testing Guide

Professional penetration test services provide expert security validation identifying exploitable vulnerabilities before attackers discover them. This guide covers penetration test service types, methodologies, deliverables, costs, and selecting qualified providers to strengthen organizational security posture through expert manual testing.

What are Penetration Test Services?

Penetration test services deliver authorized security assessments where certified ethical hackers manually test systems, networks, and applications to discover and exploit vulnerabilities. Unlike automated vulnerability scanning that identifies potential weaknesses, professional penetration testers validate real-world exploitability, chain vulnerabilities together, assess business impact, and provide expert remediation guidance tailored to organizational context.

Professional services include comprehensive planning and scoping sessions, manual testing execution following industry-standard methodologies, detailed technical reporting with proof-of-concept documentation, executive summaries communicating risks to leadership, remediation roadmaps prioritized by risk, and retesting services validating fixes, delivered over 2-6 weeks depending on scope complexity.

Types of Penetration Test Services

Network Penetration Testing

Assessment of network infrastructure security:

• External Testing: Internet-facing infrastructure (firewalls, VPNs, web servers)
• Internal Testing: Assumes breach scenario, tests lateral movement and privilege escalation
• Wireless Testing: Wi-Fi security assessment including encryption and rogue access points
• VPN Testing: Remote access security and authentication

Typical Duration: 1-3 weeks | Cost Range: $15,000-$40,000

Web Application Penetration Testing

Comprehensive assessment of web applications following OWASP methodology:

• SQL injection and database security
• Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities
• Authentication and session management flaws
• Authorization and access control bypass
• Business logic vulnerabilities
• API security testing

Typical Duration: 2-4 weeks | Cost Range: $20,000-$50,000

Mobile Application Testing

Security assessment of iOS and Android applications:

• Client-side security and code review
• Insecure data storage
• API vulnerabilities and authentication
• Encryption implementation
• Reverse engineering resistance

Typical Duration: 1-3 weeks | Cost Range: $15,000-$35,000

Cloud Security Testing

Assessment of cloud environments (AWS, Azure, GCP):

• Cloud configuration review
• IAM policy evaluation
• Storage bucket security
• Container and Kubernetes security
• Serverless function testing

Typical Duration: 2-3 weeks | Cost Range: $20,000-$60,000

Social Engineering Testing

Assessment of human element security:

• Phishing campaign simulation
• Vishing (voice phishing) testing
• Physical security assessment
• Pretexting scenarios

Typical Duration: 2-4 weeks | Cost Range: $15,000-$40,000

Red Team Engagements

Comprehensive adversary simulation:

• Multi-phase attack simulation
• Testing all security controls
• Realistic threat actor behaviors
• Objective-based testing

Typical Duration: 4-8 weeks | Cost Range: $50,000-$200,000+

Service Type	What's Tested	Best For
Network Pen Test	Infrastructure, servers, devices	Infrastructure security validation
Web Application	Web apps, APIs, portals	Application security
Mobile Testing	iOS/Android apps	Mobile platform security
Cloud Security	AWS/Azure/GCP environments	Cloud infrastructure
Social Engineering	Human vulnerabilities	Security awareness validation
Red Team	Full security program	Mature security operations

Penetration Test Methodologies

Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES)

Comprehensive methodology covering seven phases:

1. Pre-engagement Interactions: Scoping, rules of engagement
2. Intelligence Gathering: Information collection about target
3. Threat Modeling: Identifying likely attack vectors
4. Vulnerability Analysis: Discovering security weaknesses
5. Exploitation: Validating vulnerabilities
6. Post-Exploitation: Assessing compromise impact
7. Reporting: Documenting findings and recommendations

OWASP Testing Guide

Web application testing methodology:

• Information gathering and configuration testing
• Identity management testing
• Authentication testing
• Authorization testing
• Session management testing
• Input validation testing
• Error handling
• Cryptography
• Business logic testing
• Client-side testing

OSSTMM (Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual)

Scientific methodology for security testing:

• Information security testing
• Process security testing
• Internet technology security
• Communications security
• Wireless security
• Physical security

Testing Approaches

Approach	Information Provided	Advantages	When to Use
Black Box	No knowledge of systems	Realistic external attacker perspective	External security validation
Gray Box	Limited knowledge (user accounts)	Balance of realism and efficiency	Most common approach
White Box	Full knowledge (source code, architecture)	Comprehensive testing, finds more issues	Development security, compliance

Penetration Test Deliverables

Executive Summary

High-level overview for leadership:

• Overall risk rating
• Critical findings summary
• Business impact assessment
• High-level recommendations
• Comparison to previous tests

Technical Report

Detailed documentation for security and IT teams:

• Testing scope and methodology
• Detailed vulnerability descriptions
• Risk ratings (Critical, High, Medium, Low)
• Proof-of-concept documentation
• Screenshots and evidence
• Exploitation steps
• Remediation recommendations
• References and resources

Vulnerability Details

Each finding includes:

• Title: Descriptive vulnerability name
• Severity: Risk rating with justification
• Description: Technical explanation
• Impact: Potential business consequences
• Affected Systems: Specific assets impacted
• Proof of Concept: Reproduction steps
• Remediation: Specific fix recommendations
• References: CVE, CWE, OWASP references

Retest Report

Validation of remediation efforts:

• Original findings summary
• Remediation verification results
• Confirmed fixes
• Outstanding vulnerabilities
• New findings (if any)

Penetration Test Pricing

Pricing Factors

Factor	Impact on Cost
Scope Size	More systems/applications = higher cost
Complexity	Custom applications more expensive
Testing Depth	White box costs more than black box
Duration	Longer engagements cost more
Tester Experience	Senior testers command premium
Urgency	Rush testing adds 20-50% premium
Location	On-site testing adds travel costs
Compliance	PCI, HIPAA testing may cost more

Typical Cost Ranges

• Small Network Test: $15,000-$25,000
• Medium Network Test: $25,000-$40,000
• Single Web Application: $20,000-$35,000
• Complex Web Application: $35,000-$50,000+
• Mobile Application: $15,000-$35,000
• Cloud Security Assessment: $20,000-$60,000
• Social Engineering: $15,000-$40,000
• Red Team Engagement: $50,000-$200,000+

Selecting Penetration Test Providers

Essential Qualifications

• Certifications: OSCP, CEH, GPEN, GWAPT, OSCE
• Experience: 5+ years penetration testing, similar industries
• Methodology: Structured approach (PTES, OWASP, OSSTMM)
• Insurance: Professional liability and E&O coverage
• References: Verifiable client testimonials
• Sample Reports: Demonstrated reporting quality

Questions to Ask Providers

• What certifications do your testers hold?
• How many penetration tests have you conducted in our industry?
• What testing methodology do you follow?
• Do you perform manual testing or rely on automated tools?
• What tools and techniques do you use?
• Can you provide sample reports?
• What's included in deliverables?
• Do you provide remediation guidance?
• Is retesting included or additional cost?
• How do you secure findings and test data?
• What happens if you cause system disruption?
• Do you have compliance testing experience?

Red Flags

Warning signs to avoid:

• No relevant certifications or unwilling to disclose
• Extremely low pricing suggesting automated-only testing
• Cannot provide sample reports or client references
• Vague methodology descriptions
• No professional liability insurance
• Unwilling to sign NDA or contracts
• No emergency contact procedures
• Generic reporting templates without customization
• Promising to find specific number of vulnerabilities

Preparing for Penetration Tests

Before Testing

• Define Scope: Clearly identify in-scope systems
• Set Objectives: What are you trying to validate?
• Gather Information: System details, network diagrams
• Provide Access: Credentials for authenticated testing
• Identify Constraints: Testing windows, critical systems
• Notify Teams: IT, security, management awareness
• Backup Systems: Ensure recent backups exist
• Establish Communication: Emergency contact procedures

During Testing

• Maintain open communication with testers
• Monitor systems for unexpected impacts
• Respond promptly to tester questions
• Document any disruptions or concerns
• Keep incident response team informed

After Testing

• Review Findings: Understand each vulnerability
• Prioritize Remediation: Focus on critical/high first
• Develop Timeline: Realistic remediation schedule
• Assign Ownership: Responsible parties for each fix
• Schedule Retesting: Validate fixes
• Update Documentation: Revise security policies
• Track Metrics: Monitor improvement over time

Compliance-Driven Testing

Many regulations require penetration testing:

Regulation	Requirement	Frequency
PCI DSS	Requirement 11.3 - External/internal tests	Annual + after changes
HIPAA	Security risk assessments	Regular (not specified)
SOC 2	Often required for control evidence	Annual (common)
FedRAMP	Annual penetration testing	Annual
ISO 27001	Regular vulnerability assessments	Not specified

Maximizing Penetration Test Value

• Test Regularly: Annual minimum, quarterly for high-risk
• Act on Findings: Remediate promptly, don't just file reports
• Retest Fixes: Validate remediation effectiveness
• Track Trends: Compare results over time
• Integrate with VM: Combine with continuous vulnerability management
• Train Teams: Use findings for security awareness
• Update Processes: Incorporate lessons learned
• Test New Systems: Pre-deployment security validation

Conclusion

Professional penetration test services provide essential security validation identifying exploitable vulnerabilities before attackers discover them. Quality services combine expert manual testing with automated tools, demonstrating real-world exploitability and business impact while providing actionable remediation guidance tailored to organizational context.

Selecting qualified providers requires evaluating certifications, experience, methodology, and reputation, while avoiding providers offering suspiciously low pricing or vague approaches suggesting automated-only testing. Proper preparation, regular testing cadence, and prompt remediation maximize penetration test value, strengthening security posture and meeting compliance requirements.

Organizations benefit most from integrating penetration testing with comprehensive security programs including continuous vulnerability management, SOC monitoring, and robust incident response capabilities, creating layered defense detecting and preventing threats at multiple stages.

subrosa provides professional penetration test services across all domains, network, application, cloud, mobile, and social engineering, delivered by certified experts with proven track record protecting organizations across industries and compliance requirements.