When it comes to cybersecurity, understanding 'what is the correct order of the penetration testing phase' is crucial. Penetration testing, often referred to as pen testing, is a systematic process of poking and prodding at a system's security defenses, much like a hacker would, to identify and address potential vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. Today, let us delve deep into the nitty-gritty details of the phases of penetration testing.

Introduction to Penetration Testing

Penetration testing is an integral part of a cybersecurity strategy, providing a deep, comprehensive assessment of a system's security. Understanding the correct order of phases in Penetration testing can aid a cybersecurity professional in a thorough evaluation and repair of system vulnerabilities. These phases function as a roadmap, helping the tester navigate through the complex terrain of system security.

The Correct Order of the Penetration Testing Phase

There is a structured method for conducting Penetration testing, which is divided into five main phases:

1. Planning and Reconnaissance
2. Scanning
3. Gaining Access
4. Maintaining Access
5. Covering Tracks

1. Planning and Reconnaissance

The first phase in the order of Penetration testing is 'Planning and Reconnaissance'. This phase involves gathering information about the target system, defining the scope of the test, and establishing goals. Additionally, the tester prepares the necessary tools and techniques to be used during the process.

2. Scanning

In the second phase, 'Scanning', the tester uses various scanning tools to understand how the target application reacts to intrusion attempts. This is achieved via two types of scanning - static and dynamic. Static scanning examines the app's code to estimate its behavior, while dynamic scanning inspects an app's real-time performance. The gathered data helps in detecting potential vulnerabilities.

3. Gaining Access

The third phase, 'Gaining Access', sees the tester attempting to exploit the identified vulnerabilities. This is done via techniques like SQL injection, backdoors, or cross-site scripting. The objective is not just to infiltrate the system, but also to see the extent of damage that can be caused to the target system.

4. Maintaining Access

The fourth phase, 'Maintaining Access', simulates a real cyber-attack. Here, the tester tries to maintain the 'owned' status by using persistent and stealthy techniques. This phase underscores the need for ongoing system monitoring, as some attacks involve the embedding of hidden malicious processes that are difficult to detect.

5. Covering Tracks

The final phase, 'Covering Tracks', is when the tester tries to conceal the breach, erasing logs, or any other evidence of the testing process. This step is critical, as in real-world hacking scenarios, attackers always clean their tracks to avoid detection.

In conclusion, understanding 'what is the correct order of the Penetration testing phase' is vital for cybersecurity professionals. It’s a comprehensive process that involves planning and reconnaissance, scanning, gaining and maintaining access, and finally, covering tracks. Sequentially following these phases guarantees a thorough evaluation of a system's security, allowing for the detection and repair of vulnerabilities. Mastery of each of these phases offers a best-practice approach towards maintaining a robust, fortified line of defense against malicious attacks.